2026-15 Ireland's TASC publishes:
Tuesday, July 28, 2026 DEMOCRACY IS FOR EVERYBODY,
NOT JUST A MAJORITY,
AND DEFINITELY NOT JUST THE MAJORITY
...of Unionists, Russians, Hutus, Jews, Sunni/Shi’a etc..
Deborda | Comments Off | DEMOCRACY IS FOR
EVERYBODY, NOT
JUST FOR A (OR
THE) MAJORITY.
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The Institute is named after Jean-Charles de Borda, and hence the well-known voting procedure, the Borda Count BC; but Jean-Charles actually invented what is now called the Modified Borda Count, MBC - the difference is subtle:
In a vote on n options, the voter may cast m preferences; and, of course, m < n.
In a BC, points are awarded to (1st, 2nd ... last) preferences cast according to the rule (n, n-1 ... 1) {or (n-1, n-2 ... 0)} whereas,
in an MBC, points are awarded to (1st, 2nd ... last) preferences cast according to the rule (m, m-1 ... 1).
The difference can be huge, especially when the topic is controversial: the BC benefits those who cast only a 1st preference; the MBC encourages the consensual, those who submit not only a 1st preference but also their 2nd (and subsequent) compromise option(s). And if (nearly) every voter states their compromise option(s), an MBC can identify the collective compromise.
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DECISION-MAKER
Inclusive voting app
https://debordavote.com
THE APP TO BEAT ALL APPS, APPSOLUTELY!
(The latest in a long-line of electronic voting for decision-making; our first was in 1991.)
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FINANCES
The Institute was estabished in 1997 with a cash grant of £3,000 from the Joseph Rowntree Charitabe Trust, and has received the occasional sum from Northern Ireland's Community Relations Council and others. Today it relies on voluntary donations and the voluntary work of its board, while most running expenses are paid by the director.
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A BLOG
"De Borda abroad." From Belfast to Beijing and beyond... and back. Starting in Vienna with the Sept 2017 TEDx talk, I give lectures in Belgrade, Sarajevo, Istanbul, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Tehran, Beijing, Tianjin, Xuzhou, Hong Kong and Taiwan... but not in Pyongyang. Then back via Mongolia (where I had been an election observer in June 2017) and Moscow (where I'd worked in the '80s).
I have my little fold-up Brompton with me - surely the best way of exploring any new city! So I prefer to go by train, boat or bus, and then cycle wherever in each new venue; and all with just one plastic water bottle... or that was the intention!
In Sept 2019, I set off again, to promote the book of the journey. After the ninth book launch in Taipei University, I went to stay with friends in a little village in Gansu for the Chinese New Year. The rat. Then came the virus, lockdown... and I was stuck.
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The Hospital for Incurable Protestants The Mémoire of a Collapsed Catholic This is the story of a pacifist in a conflict zone, in Northern Ireland and the Balkans. Only in e-format, but only £5.15. Available from Amazon. |

The director alongside the statue of Jean-Charles de Borda, capitaine et savant, in l’École Navale in Brest, 24.9.2010. Photo by Gwenaelle Bichelot.
Welcome to the home page of the de Borda Institute, a Northern Ireland-based international organisation (an NGO) which aims to promote the use of inclusive voting procedures on all contentious questions of social choice. For more information use the menu options above or feel free to contact the organisation's headquarters. If you want to check the meaning of any of the terms used, then by all means have a look at this glossary.
As shown in these attachments, there are many voting procedures for use in decision-making and even more electoral systems. This is because, in decision-making, there is usually only one outcome - a singe decision or a shopping ist, a prioritisation; but with some electoral systems, and definitely in any proportional ones, there can be several winners. Sometimes, for any one voters' profile - that is, the set of all their preferences - the outcome of any count may well depend on the voting procedure used. In this very simple example of a few voters voting on just four options, and in these two hypothetical examples on five, (word document) or (Power-point) in which a few cast their preferences on five options, the profiles are analysed according to different methodologies, and the winner could be any one of all the options. Yet all of these methodologies are called democratic! Extraordinary!

Here's the YouTube, the PowerPoint, and the text of the speech (more or less).
Tuesday, July 28, 2026 DEMOCRACY IS FOR EVERYBODY,
NOT JUST A MAJORITY,
AND DEFINITELY NOT JUST THE MAJORITY
...of Unionists, Russians, Hutus, Jews, Sunni/Shi’a etc..
Monday, June 22, 2026 THE DE BORDA RULE
A MAJORITY VOTE MAY BE FAIR IF,
AND ONLY IF,
ITS DICHOTOMY IS A DUALITY.
Thursday, June 11, 2026 Brexit is now 10 years old. The following letter has just been published.
Thursday, May 28, 2026 On 3rd June, the Community Relations Council published: https://www.community-relations.org.uk/news-centre/free-press
Binary voting, some 2,500 years old, is primitive, divisive and often hopelessly inaccurate. Everything else these days is modern, but not our decision-making. Pluralism is possible, however, and instead of reducing debates to short lists of only two options, decisions in our multi-party chambers should best be taken in multi-option, preferential ballots on (short) lists of up to six options.
Wednesday, April 15, 2026 Unlock Democracy has just published our 'de Borda' 2026-08 paper:
Thursday, April 9, 2026 The CRC (Community Relations Council) has just published https://www.community-relations.org.uk/news-centre/decision-making-story-so-far-de-borda-institute
Tuesday, March 31, 2026 EGALITARIAN DECISION-MAKING Alas, the world still uses the 2,500-year-old majority vote! On 29th March, yet another international conference ended without an agreement:
Saturday, March 21, 2026 On 13th April, INCORE held a 'de Borda' talk, on-line, on the theme:
Majority voting may be fair if, and only if, its dichotomy is a duality.
Many politicians like the win-or-lose majority rule; the system where they can win only everything, even if only on just 50% + 1 of the vote. And if they lose, they wait for the next election and hope for another vote.
It's worse in the COP talks: many countries want either to win everything or to lose nothing, to win a majority vote or to veto a loss. They do not want a voting procedure which facilitates a compromise, which is egalitarian.
Business also has too many vested interests, with leaders on majority shareholdings, and so on.
So here's a video, which proves that, in any multi-option debate, majority voting is manipulable. And we all know, it is often manipulated.
Monday, February 23, 2026 THE LESSONS OF WAR! 1 In 1991, Ukraine