About us

.

A MAJORITY VOTE

MAY BE ACCURATE

IF, AND ONLY IF,

THE TWO OPTIONS

ARE A DUALITY.

 

 

DEMOCRACY IS FOR

EVERYBODY, NOT

JUST FOR A (OR

THEMAJORITY.

 

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Another journey to China, via Baku (COP29), Georgia, India, and return via Mongolia, Russia and (therefore) Ukraine.  Here's the blog: https://deborda.substack.com/p/debordaabroad2

 

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The de Borda Institute

aims to promote the use of inclusive, multi-optional and preferential voting procedures, both in parliaments/congresses and in referendums, on all contentious questions of social choice.

This applies specifically to decision-making, be it for the electorate in regional/national polls, for their elected representatives in councils and parliaments, for members of a local community group, a company board, a co-operative, and so on.  But we also cover elections.

               * * * * *

The Institute is named after Jean-Charles de Borda, and hence the well-known voting procedure, the Borda Count BC; but Jean-Charles actually invented what is now called the Modified Borda Count, MBC - the difference is subtle:

In a vote on n options, the voter may cast m preferences; and, of course, m < n.

In a BC, points are awarded to (1st, 2nd ... last) preferences cast according to the rule (n, n-1 ... 1) {or (n-1, n-2 ... 0)} whereas,

in an MBC, points are awarded to (1st, 2nd ... lastpreferences cast according to the rule (m, m-1 ... 1).

The difference can be huge, especially when the topic is controversial: the BC benefits those who cast only a 1st preference; the MBC encourages the consensual, those who submit not only a 1st preference but also their 2nd (and subsequent) compromise option(s) And if (nearly) every voter states their compromise option(s), an MBC can identify the collective compromise.

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DECISION-MAKER
Inclusive voting app 

https://debordavote.com

THE APP TO BEAT ALL APPS, APPSOLUTELY!

(The latest in a long-line of electronic voting for decision-making; our first was in 1991.)

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FINANCES

The Institute was estabished in 1997 with a cash grant of £3,000 from the Joseph Rowntree Charitabe Trust, and has received the occasional sum from Northern Ireland's Community Relations Council and others.  Today it relies on voluntary donations and the voluntary work of its board, while most running expenses are paid by the director. 

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 A BLOG 

"De Borda abroad." From Belfast to Beijing and beyond... and back. Starting in Vienna with the Sept 2017 TEDx talk, I give lectures in Belgrade, Sarajevo, Istanbul, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Tehran, Beijing, Tianjin, Xuzhou, Hong Kong and Taiwan... but not in Pyongyang. Then back via Mongolia (where I had been an election observer in June 2017) and Moscow (where I'd worked in the '80s).

I have my little fold-up Brompton with me - surely the best way of exploring any new city! So I prefer to go by train, boat or bus, and then cycle wherever in each new venue; and all with just one plastic water bottle... or that was the intention!

The story is here.

In Sept 2019, I set off again, to promote the book of the journey.  After the ninth book launch in Taipei University, I went to stay with friends in a little village in Gansu for the Chinese New Year.  The rat.  Then came the virus, lockdown... and I was stuck.

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The Hospital for Incurable Protestants

The Mémoire of a Collapsed Catholic

 This is the story of a pacifist in a conflict zone, in Northern Ireland and the Balkans.  Only in e-format, but only £5.15.  Available from Amazon.

 

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The director alongside the statue of Jean-Charles de Borda, capitaine et savant, in l’École Navale in Brest, 24.9.2010. Photo by Gwenaelle Bichelot. 

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WELCOME

Welcome to the home page of the de Borda Institute, a Northern Ireland-based international organisation (an NGO) which aims to promote the use of inclusive voting procedures on all contentious questions of social choice. For more information use the menu options above or feel free to contact the organisation's headquarters. If you want to check the meaning of any of the terms used, then by all means have a look at this glossary.

As shown in these attachments, there are many voting procedures for use in decision-making and even more electoral systems.  This is because, in decision-making, there is usually only one outcome - a singe decision or a shopping ist, a prioritisation; but with some electoral systems, and definitely in any proportional ones, there can be several winners.  Sometimes, for any one voters' profile - that is, the set of all their preferences - the outcome of any count may well depend on the voting procedure used.  In this very simple example of a few voters voting on just four options, and in these two hypothetical examples on five, (word document) or (Power-point) in which a few cast their preferences on five options, the profiles are analysed according to different methodologies, and the winner could be any one of all the options.  Yet all of these methodologies are called democratic!  Extraordinary!

deborda.gif

Vienna TEDx Talk - October 2017

Here's the YouTube,  the PowerPoint, and the text of the speech (more or less).

Tuesday
Jan132026

2026-03 AERC reflections

In February 2004, I did a role-play on consensus in Belfast City Council for the Policy and Resources Committee.  And I was successful: they achieved consensus, well, sort of.  Basically, 'these'uns' did not want to be in consensus with 'them'uns,' and vice versa, so there was a consensus against consensus.

And today, 20-odd years later, with power-sharing and all, little has changed.  Some noted tht the culture of all concerned is a bit negative; well of course it is, that's what often happens with majority voting, no matter what sort is used.  Oddly, however, lots of academics and journalists etc. also act as if democratic decisions have to be taken in binary ballots, even though multi-option voting has been around for 1,900 years, and preferential voting for 600.  Strange.  

Tuesday
Jan132026

2026-02 AERC, full talk (see 2026-01)

Thank you very much for today’s invitation to the de Borda Institute, and, as my presentation will make clear, my thanks must also go to the late Professor Elizabeth Meehan of Queen’s University, the late Dr. John Robb of the New Ireland Group and

Click to read more ...

Tuesday
Jan132026

2026-01 Stormont AERC (see 2026-02)

The de Borda presentation to the Assembly Executive Review Committee took place on 13.01.2026.

Majority rule may be fine.  But a majority opinion cannot be identified in a majority vote, or even a series of majority votes.  So why is everybody talking about simple, weighted or consociational majority votes, as if they are accurate?  Today's presentation shows  -  no, proves  -  that majority voting is ancient and hopelessly inadequate.

1.   A singleton majority vote  -  "Option X, yes or no?"  -  cannot identify a collective opinion, because those who vote 'no' are not even stating their (positive) opinion.

2.   A pairing  -  "Option X or Y?"  -  is ok, if and only if the two options, X and Y, are a duality: eg, "Shall we drive on the left or on the right?"  In contrast, "Should the UK be in the EU or the WTO?" is not ok; it's not a duality; the UK could also be in the EEA or Customs Union, so in this (and many another instance) a multi-option ballot would be needed. 

_________

3.   Many complain, the Assembly 'culture' is negative.  But, with majority voting, of course it is!  Power-sharing, and decision-sharing, would best be effected in a preferential ballot: see 2026-02.

Wednesday
Dec172025

2025-36 Season's Greetings

                     Twixt East and West, there is the Twain.
  
                              Last year, sat in a bumpy bus
                              From Dharamshala, India, 
                              I turned to China’s Shangri-La, 
                              In search of Asia’s consensus.
 
                            Shǎo shù  cóng duō shù,* said they
                              In Mandarin, (such is their way).
                              So in a word, assume we may,
                              They’re just like us: it’s yeah or nay! 
 
                              But at another altitude
                              They have a different attitude:
                              Ask ‘yīn’ or ‘yáng’?  Oh that’s crazy: 
                              It’s not a duality!
 
                              And years ago, up near the sky,
                              Tibetan monks were heard to sigh,
                              “To argue thus: ’This right, that wrong?’
                              Is not the state of a buddha.”
 
                              “That doesn’t rhyme!”  I hear you shout,
                              So doubtless I, to my redoubt
                              Must now return, to western shores,
                              Wishing you all, Happy Christmas. 
 
 
 
*           The minority    obeys     the majority:
                   少数            服从            多数 
                 shǎoshù      fúcóng        duōshù
 
I heard this saying in China, as often as on western shores, one hears, ‘Democracy is majority rule.’  

 

Thursday
Dec042025

2025-35 Belgium, The Netherlands 

Now in touch with the Dutch 'informateur' on using a matrix vote to elect an all-party - (without Geert Wilders' lot) - administration.  Watch this space...

Monday
Dec012025

2025-34 UKRAINE, in INNATE (1st Dec)

The land is flat. It stretches for miles. And many...

Click to read more ...

Thursday
Nov272025

2025-33 CRC on Consensus 5th Dec

Majority rule - one lot wins everything, while the other lot loses everything - came to dominate politics, long after the Greeks devised majority voting, some 2,500 years ago. There were no political parties in those old days, so anyone - (men only, I’m afraid) - could vote with a neighbour today, and against him tomorrow, without the two

Click to read more ...

Sunday
Nov232025

2035-32 UKRAINE and Mitteleuropa

Peace Treaty.      A ‘Mitteleuropa’ plan.

1.     Crimea under joint, triple or UN authority, its local administration based, not on majority voting, but on multi-optional, preferential decision-making.
2.     All other pre-2014 borders to be recognised.  Russian forces to be withdrawn from Donbas, etc., Ukrainian forces from Russia.
3.    Mitteleuropa or Middle-Europe to be neutral: from Finland and the Baltic States, via Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary, to Ukraine, Moldova and the Balkans, all to be non-nuclear and not in NATO, but if individually desired in the EU.

 

PS.      In Ukraine's 1991 referendum, every oblast voted for independence by 80% or more... except Crimea, 54%.

Friday
Nov212025

2025-31 Letter from Ukraine: another binary!

Majority rule - one lot wins everything, while the other lot loses everything - came to dominate politics, long after the Greeks devised majority voting, some 2,500 years ago. There were no political parties in those old days, so anyone - (men only, I’m afraid) - could vote with a neighbour today, and against him tomorrow, without

Click to read more ...

Tuesday
Nov182025

2025-30 Ukraine: An on-line debate + decision

18th November, in the National University, “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy,’ Kiev, everyone was on-line, and so was the vote! The report starts: In any post-war parliament, a consensus may be

Click to read more ...