About us

.

A MAJORITY VOTE

MAY BE ACCURATE

IF, AND ONLY IF,

THE TWO OPTIONS

ARE A DUALITY.

 

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Another journey to China, via Baku (COP29), Georgia, India, and return via Mongolia, Russia and (therefore) Ukraine.  Here's the blog: https://deborda.substack.com/p/debordaabroad2

 

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The de Borda Institute

aims to promote the use of inclusive, multi-optional and preferential voting procedures, both in parliaments/congresses and in referendums, on all contentious questions of social choice.

This applies specifically to decision-making, be it for the electorate in regional/national polls, for their elected representatives in councils and parliaments, for members of a local community group, a company board, a co-operative, and so on.  But we also cover elections.

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The Institute is named after Jean-Charles de Borda, and hence the well-known voting procedure, the Borda Count BC; but Jean-Charles actually invented what is now called the Modified Borda Count, MBC - the difference is subtle:

In a vote on n options, the voter may cast m preferences; and, of course, m < n.

In a BC, points are awarded to (1st, 2nd ... last) preferences cast according to the rule (n, n-1 ... 1) {or (n-1, n-2 ... 0)} whereas,

in an MBC, points are awarded to (1st, 2nd ... lastpreferences cast according to the rule (m, m-1 ... 1).

The difference can be huge, especially when the topic is controversial: the BC benefits those who cast only a 1st preference; the MBC encourages the consensual, those who submit not only a 1st preference but also their 2nd (and subsequent) compromise option(s) And if (nearly) every voter states their compromise option(s), an MBC can identify the collective compromise.

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DECISION-MAKER
Inclusive voting app 

https://debordavote.com

THE APP TO BEAT ALL APPS, APPSOLUTELY!

(The latest in a long-line of electronic voting for decision-making; our first was in 1991.)

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FINANCES

The Institute was estabished in 1997 with a cash grant of £3,000 from the Joseph Rowntree Charitabe Trust, and has received the occasional sum from Northern Ireland's Community Relations Council and others.  Today it relies on voluntary donations and the voluntary work of its board, while most running expenses are paid by the director. 

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 A BLOG 

"De Borda abroad." From Belfast to Beijing and beyond... and back. Starting in Vienna with the Sept 2017 TEDx talk, I give lectures in Belgrade, Sarajevo, Istanbul, Tbilisi, Yerevan, Tehran, Beijing, Tianjin, Xuzhou, Hong Kong and Taiwan... but not in Pyongyang. Then back via Mongolia (where I had been an election observer in June 2017) and Moscow (where I'd worked in the '80s).

I have my little fold-up Brompton with me - surely the best way of exploring any new city! So I prefer to go by train, boat or bus, and then cycle wherever in each new venue; and all with just one plastic water bottle... or that was the intention!

The story is here.

In Sept 2019, I set off again, to promote the book of the journey.  After the ninth book launch in Taipei University, I went to stay with friends in a little village in Gansu for the Chinese New Year.  The rat.  Then came the virus, lockdown... and I was stuck.

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The Hospital for Incurable Protestants

The Mémoire of a Collapsed Catholic

 This is the story of a pacifist in a conflict zone, in Northern Ireland and the Balkans.  Only in e-format, but only £5.15.  Available from Amazon.

 

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The director alongside the statue of Jean-Charles de Borda, capitaine et savant, in l’École Navale in Brest, 24.9.2010. Photo by Gwenaelle Bichelot. 

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WELCOME

Welcome to the home page of the de Borda Institute, a Northern Ireland-based international organisation (an NGO) which aims to promote the use of inclusive voting procedures on all contentious questions of social choice. For more information use the menu options above or feel free to contact the organisation's headquarters. If you want to check the meaning of any of the terms used, then by all means have a look at this glossary.

As shown in these attachments, there are many voting procedures for use in decision-making and even more electoral systems.  This is because, in decision-making, there is usually only one outcome - a singe decision or a shopping ist, a prioritisation; but with some electoral systems, and definitely in any proportional ones, there can be several winners.  Sometimes, for any one voters' profile - that is, the set of all their preferences - the outcome of any count may well depend on the voting procedure used.  In this very simple example of a few voters voting on just four options, and in these two hypothetical examples on five, (word document) or (Power-point) in which a few cast their preferences on five options, the profiles are analysed according to different methodologies, and the winner could be any one of all the options.  Yet all of these methodologies are called democratic!  Extraordinary!

deborda.gif

Vienna TEDx Talk - October 2017

Here's the YouTube,  the PowerPoint, and the text of the speech (more or less).

Wednesday
Nov052025

2025-28 Lectures in Russia and now Ukraine

PRESS RELEASE IMMEDIATE 5.11.2025 _______________ BINARY REFERENDUMS IN YUGOSLAVIA, UKRAINE AND NORTHERN IRELAND

Click to read more ...

Sunday
Nov022025

2025-27 Netherlands

Fifteen parties in parliament.  Do they all still believe (a) in majority rule? and (b) in reducing every debate to a short list of just 2 options?  Why not aim for short-list of, say, 5 options, and then hold preferential votes?

In 2023, Wilders with 23% of the vote, then 'won' 31% of the cabinet.  With all-party power-sharing, he would have had but 23%, at the most!

But now, 2025.  So why not a matrix vote to elect an all-party power-sharing cabinet?  By the look of things, Wilders would lose badly!  Hoorah.  And government formation could be effected within a week!  Hoorah.

Sunday
Nov022025

2025-26 Majority voting on non-dualities

MAJORITY VOTING MAY BE ACCURATE IF, AND ONLY IF, THE TWO OPTIONS ARE A DUALITY - THE BINARY BIND 1 The Chinese wouldn’t vote, “Yīn or Yáng?” The two are a unity, not a duality. 2

Click to read more ...

Friday
Oct312025

2025-24 UKRAINE

Today, 1st November, l arrive in Odesa; last here in 1987; next to Mykolaiv, where l was an OSCE long-term election observer in 2006); and then Kiev.

Wednesday
Oct152025

2025-23 The Moscow lecture

Friday
Oct102025

2025-22 MOSCOW and KIEV

In 2004, I suggested Ukraine should join the EU but not NATO. In 2009, I argued against binary voting procedures in the OSCE/ODIHR in Warsaw. And so my lecture in Moscow on 8.10.2025 in the HSE University critiqued (a) the binary referendums of 2014 and 2022, and (b) the binary nature of the Ukrainian two-round electoral system. In effect, the question asked in (a) was, "Are you Ukrainian or Russian?" But it is not a duality. The press release explains: MAJORITY VOTING MAY BE ACCURATE IF, BUT ONLY IF, THE TWO OPTIONS ARE A DUALITY.

Click to read more ...

Wednesday
Oct082025

2025-21 FRANCE

(Just like Britain when arguing about Brexit), France is now arguing about governance... and in both settings, it seems, there (was) is a majority against every proposal.  So why (did) do (the Brits and) especially the French use the 2,500-year-old binary voting, the most inaccurate voting measure of collective opinion ever invented? In other words, why do they ignore the work of their compatriots, M Jean-Charles de Borda et Le Marquis de Condorcet who in l'Académie des Sciences, just over 250 years ago, in 1770 and 1785, devised two brilliant preferential procedures: the Modified Borda Count MBC (as it is now called) or Borda preferendum, and the Condorcet rule, both of which are very accurate?  

Saturday
Oct042025

2025-20 MOSCOW

On 8th Oct, I'll be giving a lecture in HSE University on the theme:

MAJORITY VOTING MAY BE OK IF, BUT ONLY IF, THE TWO OPTIONS ARE A DUALITY.   

More details on https://www.hse.ru/DeCAn/announcements/1089949980.html

Monday
Sep222025

2025-19 Dutch elections on Oct 29th

In 2023, the PVV got 23.5% of the vote.  Therefore, in theory, it should have had about 23.5% of the government.  Alas, (like nearly every other democracy), the Dutch parliament divides itself into two - a government versus an opposition (as if there were only two parties).  And Wilders' PVV party got 9 of the ministers, which is way over 23.5%.

An all-party power-sharing coalition would be more democratic.  Then, in decision-making, in each ballot, instead of getting a majority from a short list of only two options, parlaiment could identify the option with the highest average prefence on a short list of about six options.  It's called pluralism.

So Dutch democracy would work like this.  The electorate would elect a parliament, ideally by a preferential form of PR. About a week later, the parliament could elect an all-party cabinet, again by PR, using a Borda matrix vote.  And this administration could base its future decisions using the above preferential (and non-majoritarian) ballots.

Saturday
Sep132025

2025-18 The Irish Times

Scientific research (done ecologically) into China's villages' systems of self-governance.